October 2024

Comparing Epitope Mapping Methods

2024-10-25T12:53:30-04:00October 16th, 2024|Articles|

Written by: Genya Gorshtein, MSc Published: October 16, 2024 Contents Introduction Epitope Mapping Methods Addressing the Limitations of HDX-MS for Epitope Mapping HDX-MS as a Stand Alone Method for Epitope Mapping Epitope Mapping with HDX-MS at Rapid Novor Introduction Understanding antibody-antigen interactions is critical for [...]

July 2024

Antibody Discovery Processes

2024-12-03T13:51:44-05:00July 3rd, 2024|Articles|

Written by: Vanessa Yoon Calvelo, PhD Published: June 6, 2023 Updated: July 7, 2024 Contents Introduction Early Discovery and Development of Therapeutic Antibodies Target Identification and Validation Antibody Discovery and Expression Lead Characterization and Selection Lead Engineering and Optimization Candidate Selection and Downstream Characterization Introduction [...]

June 2024

Epitope Mapping: Alanine Scanning Mutagenesis vs. HDX-MS

2024-06-10T13:42:22-04:00June 10th, 2024|Articles|

Written by: Genya Gorshtein, MSc Published: June 10, 2024 Contents Introduction Alanine Scanning Mutagenesis Epitope Mapping HDX-MS Epitope Mapping Antibody Epitope Mapping Services Introduction Epitope mapping elucidates the antibody function by identifying specific binding sites on the antigen that interact with the antibody. Alanine [...]

Integrating AI and HDX-MS for Antibody Epitope Mapping

2024-08-07T11:52:24-04:00June 5th, 2024|Webinars|

In this webinar, you will learn: How AI and HDX-MS are applied in screening, epitope mapping, and selecting neutralizing antibodies against SARS-Cov-2. The predictive capabilities of AI computational modeling and its validation and refinement by high-resolution HDX-MS. How the integration of AI with HDX-MS informs antibody characterization for the accelerated development of therapeutic [...]

May 2024

Autoantibodies: Natural and Pathogenic

2024-12-02T13:32:56-05:00May 3rd, 2024|Articles|

Written by: Jenna Kerry, MSc Published: May 1, 2024 Contents What are Autoantibodies? How are Autoantibodies Produced? How do Autoantibodies Become Pathogenic? Triggers for Pathogenic Autoantibodies Autoantibodies in Diagnosis and Treatment Autoantigen Discovery and Characterization Gaining Insight into Autoantibodies What Are Autoantibodies? Autoantibodies are a [...]

November 2023

Alpaca Antibody Discovery and Characterization with Polyclonal Sequencing, SPR and HDX-MS

2024-12-03T14:07:09-05:00November 13th, 2023|Case Studies|

Authors:  Teresa Nunez, Amber Couzens, Jin Duan, Chelsea Reitzel, Rosalin Dubois,  Lin Wu, Qixin Liu, Thierry Le Bihan, Marko Jović, Dominic Narang, Bin Ma  Published: Nov 13, 2023 Abstract In this study, the challenge of accessing functional antibodies from the circulating antibody repertoire was addressed using Rapid Novor's antibody [...]

October 2023

New Antibody Characterization Essentials from Discovery to Clinic

2024-04-24T10:34:49-04:00October 4th, 2023|Webinars|

In this webinar, you will learn: Workflows for antibody characterization that extend beyond the primary amino acid sequence How to leverage HDX-MS for epitope mapping and SPR for binding kinetics to understand the mechanism of action and maximize the effectiveness of your characterization efforts How to ensure high-quality antibody production with [...]

September 2023

Antibody Developability: Sequence and Structure Impacts Antibody Aggregation

2024-11-27T15:57:33-05:00September 12th, 2023|Articles|

Written by: Genya Gorshtein, MSc Published: September 12, 2023 Contents Introduction Mechanisms That Influence Protein Aggregation and Stability Sequence and Structural Characteristics That Impact Antibody Aggregation and Stability Engineered Antibody Formats Influence Protein Aggregation Strategies to Reduce Antibody Aggregation Propensity Improving Antibody Developability with Next Generation Protein Sequencing and Proteomics [...]

August 2023

May 2023

Functional Characterization of Therapeutic Antibodies

2024-12-03T13:57:00-05:00May 3rd, 2023|Articles|

Written by: Vanessa Yoon Calvelo, PhD Published: April 24, 2023 Contents Introduction Functions of Therapeutic Antibodies Functional Assays for Therapeutic Antibodies Functional Characterization in the Therapeutic Antibody Discovery Process Introduction Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and related biological products often present as ideal therapeutics largely due to: Their [...]

Secure Full Antibody and Target IP Protection with Next Generation Protein Sequencing

2024-04-01T15:46:27-04:00May 3rd, 2023|Articles|

Written by: Genya Gorshtein, MSc Published: April 21, 2023 Contents Introduction Target Specification for First Generation Antibodies Patent Strategies for Second-Generation Antibodies Next Generation Protein Sequencing and Proteomics Strengthens IP Protections Introduction Intellectual property (IP) protection is a critical step during the commercialization of antibodies [...]

April 2023

Immunochemical Characterization of Therapeutic Antibodies

2024-05-06T15:49:12-04:00April 17th, 2023|Articles|

Written by: Vanessa Yoon Calvelo, PhD Published: April 14, 2023 Contents Introduction Immunochemical Properties of Therapeutic Antibodies Rapid Immunochemical Characterization of Antibodies Introduction Therapeutic antibodies, predominantly monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), are a rapidly expanding class of drugs with over 100 mAb-based biologics now approved for the treatment [...]

Navigating Intellectual Property Protection for Antibodies

2024-05-06T15:50:21-04:00April 1st, 2023|Webinars|

In This Webinar, You Will Learn: Why IP is important in the development of antibody-based assets Patent application process and requirements How to strengthen patent applications Applications of De Novo Protein Sequencing, SPR assays, and HDX-MS for antibody-related patent applications Abstract In the development of novel and innovative antibody-based assets, [...]

December 2022

The Hunt for Novel Therapeutics Through Antibody Engineering

2023-06-21T10:25:09-04:00December 2nd, 2022|Articles|

Written by: Genya Gorshtein, MSc Published: November 1, 2022 Contents Introduction Approaches for Engineering Antibody Therapeutics Driving Antibody Engineering with Next Generation Protein Sequencing and Proteomics Introduction Antibody engineering encompasses various development, production strategies, and modification techniques to improve the biological properties of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) [...]

Cell Specific Protein Degradation with Antibody Conjugated PROTACs

2023-05-25T10:29:24-04:00December 2nd, 2022|Articles|

Written by: Genya Gorshtein, MSc Published: November 25, 2022 Contents Introduction General PROTAC Structure and Function Antibody-Conjugated PROTACs Developing AbPROTACs with De Novo Antibody Sequencing and Proteomics Introduction Small-molecule drug development is aimed at inhibiting disease-promoting protein function through occupancy-driven protein inhibition. A major caveat of [...]

August 2022

Moving Towards Biosimilar Drugs

2024-06-13T16:50:51-04:00August 4th, 2022|Articles|

Written by: Vanessa Yoon Calvelo, PhD Published: August 3, 2022 Contents What are Biosimilar Drugs? Why are Biosimilars Being Developed? Biosimilars are not the Equivalent of Generics Biosimilar Development Biosimilar Monoclonal Antibodies De Novo Protein Sequencing Solutions in Biosimilar Development What are Biosimilar Drugs? Biosimilar drugs, [...]

July 2022

Protein Characterization by HDX-MS

2024-12-03T10:40:26-05:00July 26th, 2022|Articles|

Characterization of proteins and protein complexes is a major keystone of structural biology. As our understanding of cellular processes continues to evolve from simple pathways to complicated networks, our need for advanced analytical methods is quite apparent. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based structural approaches can be used to study protein conformational changes and dynamics, protein motion/flexibility, ligand-protein binding, and protein-protein interfaces.

Adeno-Associated Virus Vectors for Gene Therapy Delivery

2024-12-03T10:41:17-05:00July 14th, 2022|Articles|

Written by: Vanessa Yoon Calvelo, PhD Published: July 11, 2022 Contents What is Gene Therapy? What are Adeno-Associated Viruses? Engineering of AAVs for Gene Therapy Engineering AAVs for Improved Transduction Engineering AAVs for Improved Immunogenicity De Novo Protein Sequencing Applications in AAV Characterization and Development What is Gene [...]

June 2022

Chimeric Antigen Receptors and T cells – CAR-T

2024-12-03T10:43:11-05:00June 21st, 2022|Articles|

Written by: Vanessa Yoon Calvelo, PhD Published: June 13, 2022 Contents What is CAR-T Cell Therapy? CAR Structure and Function CAR-T Cell Development Engineering Strategies for CAR-T Cells De Novo Protein Sequencing Applications in CAR-T Cell Development What is CAR-T Cell Therapy? The infusion of T cells [...]

Why do Post-Translational Modifications Matter?

2024-06-13T16:49:28-04:00June 14th, 2022|Articles|

Written by: Vanessa Yoon Calvelo, PhD Updated: January 19, 2023 (Published: June 2, 2022) Contents What are post-translational modifications (PTMs)? Impact of PTMs Types of PTMs PTMs increase microheterogeneity of antibodies PTM Analysis by LC-MS The Importance of Post-Translational Modifications (PTMs) Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are processing [...]

Protein Structure and How to Study It

2023-05-15T11:21:16-04:00June 10th, 2022|Articles|

Written by: Yuning Wang, PhD Updated: January 26, 2023 (Published: June 3, 2022) Contents Introduction The Four Levels of Protein Structure How are Protein Structures Studied? Introduction Structural information provides a great deal of understanding of how a protein works, which can allow us to [...]

May 2022

What is HDX-MS?

2024-11-11T12:42:48-05:00May 15th, 2022|Articles|

The origin of hydrogen-deuterium exchange (HDX) dates back to the 1950s, when protein scientist Linderstrøm-Lang created a method involving protein deuteration to distinguish amide hydrogens participating in secondary structures. Today, scientists frequently rely on HDX data to investigate protein structure, conformational dynamics, and protein-ligand interaction.

February 2022

Camelid Antibodies and Nanobodies

2024-12-03T10:58:32-05:00February 4th, 2022|Articles|

Written by: Yuning Wang, PhD Updated: January 18, 2023 (Published: January 21, 2022) Contents Discovery of Camelid Antibodies What are Camelid Antibodies? Structure of Camelid Antibodies and Nanobodies Advantages of Camelid Antibodies and Nanobodies Camelid Antibodies and Nanobodies for Therapeutic and Research Applications How are Camelid Antibodies [...]

September 2021

Monoclonal vs Polyclonal Antibody Drugs

2024-12-03T11:21:15-05:00September 8th, 2021|Articles|

The transition from polyclonal antibody drugs to a more targeted monoclonal approach was made possible through a series of scientific and technological advancements; the most notable of which is the hybridoma technique developed by Köhler and Milstein, which allowed the generation of pure antibodies at scale.