Written by: Jenna Kerry, MSc Published: May 7, 2025 Contents Introduction What are Cytokines? What do Cytokines do? Cytokines in Disease Cytokines in Therapeutics Immunocytokine Engineering and Anti-Cytokine Antibody Sequencing Introduction If the immune system were an orchestra, cytokines would be the conductors. Cytokines are [...]
Written by: Jenna Kerry, MSc Published: April 1, 2025 Contents Introduction Disulfide Bond Structure and Function Engineering Disulfide Bonds Applications of Disulfide Bond Engineering Challenges in Disulfide Bond Engineering Disulfide Bond Analysis with Rapid Novor Introduction Disulfide bonds stabilize the tertiary and quaternary structures of [...]
Written by: Genya Gorshtein, MSc Published: September 12, 2023 Contents Introduction Mechanisms That Influence Protein Aggregation and Stability Sequence and Structural Characteristics That Impact Antibody Aggregation and Stability Engineered Antibody Formats Influence Protein Aggregation Strategies to Reduce Antibody Aggregation Propensity Improving Antibody Developability with Next Generation Protein Sequencing and Proteomics [...]
Written by: Genya Gorshtein, MSc Published: January 6, 2023 Contents Introduction What is Affinity? What is Avidity? Measuring Affinity and Avidity: ELISA or SPR? Measuring Affinity And Avidity For Biological Applications Affinity and Avidity Analysis via SPR with Rapid Novor Introduction Kinetics of antibody-antigen interactions [...]
Written by: Genya Gorshtein, MSc Published: August 18, 2022 Contents Introduction How are Polyclonal Antibodies Produced? Applications of Polyclonal Antibodies Challenges of Polyclonal Antibodies De Novo Polyclonal Antibody Sequencing Introduction Polyclonal antibodies (pAbs) are a heterogeneous mix of antibodies derived from B cells in the [...]
Written by Genya Gorshtein, MSc August 10, 2022 Contents General Structure of Antibodies Fab and Fc Fragments Hinge Region CDR and FR Regions Antibody Structure Analysis Services General Structure of Antibodies Antibodies or immunoglobulins (Ig) maintain a common quaternary structure consisting of two identical heavy chains (HCs) and [...]